Millions of Americans have a substance use disorder (SUD)

Angie Volzke • January 20, 2026

Millions of Americans have a substance use disorder (SUD)

A substance use disorder (SUD) is a chronic, treatable condition marked by a pattern of cognitive, behavioral, and physical symptoms that indicate continued substance use despite harmful consequences. In 2022, more than one in six Americans aged 12 and older reported experiencing a SUD.

SUDs can significantly affect every area of a person’s life. Health care providers use specific patterns of symptoms related to drug or alcohol use to diagnose a SUD and help connect individuals to appropriate treatment.

Symptoms may vary depending on the substance involved, and not all symptoms apply to every drug type. For example, withdrawal symptoms are not defined for inhalant use.

Substance use disorders can range from mild to severe and affect people of all races, genders, income levels, and social backgrounds. A SUD may involve the use of the following substances:

• Alcohol

• Cannabis

• Hallucinogens

• Inhalants

• Opioids (prescription or illicit)

• Sedatives, hypnotics, or anxiolytics

• Stimulants and psychostimulants

• Tobacco (nicotine)

• Other or unknown substances

Addiction is a medical condition, not a moral failing. Individuals living with substance use disorders often struggle to control their use, even when they understand the harmful effects of drugs.

Recovery from a SUD is not simply a matter of willpower. Treatment may include medications to manage cravings and withdrawal symptoms, along with counseling or behavioral therapies. In some cases, recovery may also involve care in a residential or rehabilitation setting.

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