Millones de estadounidenses padecen un trastorno por consumo de sustancias (SUD)

Angie Volzke • January 20, 2026

Millones de estadounidenses padecen un trastorno por consumo de sustancias (SUD)

Un trastorno por consumo de sustancias (TUS) es una afección crónica y tratable que se caracteriza por un patrón de síntomas cognitivos, conductuales y físicos que indican un consumo continuo de sustancias a pesar de las consecuencias perjudiciales. En 2022, más de uno de cada seis estadounidenses mayores de 12 años reportó haber experimentado un TUS.


Los TUS pueden afectar significativamente todos los aspectos de la vida de una persona. Los profesionales de la salud utilizan patrones específicos de síntomas relacionados con el consumo de drogas o alcohol para diagnosticar un TUS y ayudar a las personas a acceder al tratamiento adecuado.


Los síntomas pueden variar según la sustancia involucrada, y no todos los síntomas se aplican a todos los tipos de drogas. Por ejemplo, los síntomas de abstinencia no están definidos para el consumo de inhalantes.


Los trastornos por consumo de sustancias pueden variar de leves a graves y afectar a personas de todas las razas, géneros, niveles de ingresos y orígenes sociales. Un TUS puede implicar el consumo de las siguientes sustancias:


  • Alcohol
  • Cannabis
  • Alucinógenos
  • Inhalantes
  • Opiáceos (con o sin receta)
  • Sedantes, hipnóticos o ansiolíticos
  • Estimulantes y psicoestimulantes
  • Tabaco (nicotina)
  • Otras sustancias o sustancias desconocidas


La adicción es una condición médica, no un defecto moral. Las personas que viven con trastornos por consumo de sustancias a menudo tienen dificultades para controlar su consumo, incluso cuando comprenden los efectos nocivos de las drogas.


La recuperación de un TUS no es simplemente una cuestión de fuerza de voluntad. El tratamiento puede incluir medicamentos para controlar los antojos y los síntomas de abstinencia, junto con terapia psicológica o terapia conductual. En algunos casos, la recuperación también puede implicar atención en un centro residencial o de rehabilitación.


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